{"id":244,"date":"2020-05-26T14:59:44","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T14:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/suheylasahin.av.tr\/office-web\/?p=244"},"modified":"2020-05-26T15:59:13","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T15:59:13","slug":"244","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/suheylasahin.av.tr\/office-web\/2020\/05\/26\/244\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi – Velayet – Soyad\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

T.C. ANAYASA<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esas:\u00a0 2013\/3434<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar: 2015\/<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar Tarihi: 25.06.2015<\/strong><\/p>\n

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(A\u0130HS m. 6, 8, 14) (Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Milletleraras\u0131 Antla\u015fma m. 23) (Kad\u0131nlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesine Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 16) (2709 S. K. m. 10, 13, 17, 20, 36, 40, 41, 141, 148, 153) (2525 S. K. m. 4) (4721 S. K. m. 27, 321, 335) (743 S. K. m. 152) (6216 S. K. m. 45, 50) (ANY. MAH. 08.12.2011 T. 2010\/119 E. 2011\/165 K.) (ANY. MAH. 02.07.2013 T. 2012\/13 E.) (ANY. MAH. 20.03.2013 T. 2013\/1780 E.) (ANY. MAH. 04.12.2013 T. 2013\/1213 E.) (ANY. MAH. 26.03.2013 T. 2012\/1049 E.) (ANY. MAH. 30.03.2012 T. 2011\/34 E. 2012\/48 K.) (ANY. MAH. 10.03.2011 T. 2009\/85 E. 2011\/49 K.) (YHGK 13.03.2015 T. 2013\/18-1755 E. 2015\/1039 K.)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RGT: 02.10.2015<\/p>\n

RG NO: 29490<\/p>\n

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\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KARAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAYR\u0130YE \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R BA\u015eVURUSU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2013\/3434<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar Tarihi: 25\/6\/2015<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan: Alparslan ALTAN<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcyeler: Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n

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Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n

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M. Emin KUZ<\/p>\n

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Raport\u00f6r: \u015eebnem NEB\u0130O\u011eLU \u00d6NER<\/p>\n

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Ba\u015fvurucu: Hayriye \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R<\/p>\n

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Vekili: Av. Abdulkadir SAYIKAN<\/p>\n

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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n

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1. Ba\u015fvuru, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda velayet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nan \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n reddedilmesi nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n, karar sonucunu etkileyecek olan iddialar\u0131n derece mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve karar d\u00fczeltme talebinin reddi \u00fczerine para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n

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2. Ba\u015fvuru, 20\/5\/2013 tarihinde Diyarbak\u0131r 6. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dilek\u00e7e ve eklerinin idari y\u00f6nden yap\u0131lan \u00f6n incelemesi neticesinde ba\u015fvuruda, Komisyona sunulmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil edecek bir eksikli\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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3. \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm Birinci Komisyonunca, kabul edilebilirlik incelemesi B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere dosyan\u0131n B\u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

4. B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 11\/7\/2014 tarihinde, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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5. Ba\u015fvurunun belgeleri ve eklerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 12\/9\/2014 tarihli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131, 25\/9\/2014 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu vekiline tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f olup ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n

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A. Olaylar<\/p>\n

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6. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve ekleri ile ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131lama dosyas\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finden tespit edilen olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

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7. Ba\u015fvurucu, Diyarbak\u0131r 1. Aile Mahkemesinin E.2002\/768, K.2003\/46 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayeti annesi olan ba\u015fvurucuya verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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8. Ba\u015fvurucu, Diyarbak\u0131r 5. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine verdi\u011fi 24\/2\/2012 tarihli dilek\u00e7e ile bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 sonras\u0131 velayeti kendisine verilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015finin soyad\u0131 yerine kendi soyad\u0131 olan \u201c\u00d6zdemir\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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9. Diyarbak\u0131r 5. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 16\/4\/2012 tarihli ve E.2012\/246, K.2012\/56 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne h\u00fckmedilmi\u015f ve karar gerek\u00e7esinde, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile, 21\/6\/1934 tarihli ve 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Soyad\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cevlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi soyad\u0131n\u0131 ahr'” \u015feklindeki ibarenin iptal edildi\u011fi ve iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, bu kapsamda annenin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinde hakl\u0131 neden bulundu\u011fu tespitlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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10. Karar temyiz edilmekle, Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesinin 6\/6\/2012 tarihli ve E.2012\/5587, K.2012\/7122 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile bozulmu\u015ftur. Bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 321. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011fru nesepli \u00e7ocu\u011fun; baban\u0131n (ailenin) soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanma veya \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine velayetin annede olmas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131nda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olamayaca\u011f\u0131, baban\u0131n soyad\u0131 veya \u00e7ocuk re\u015fit olduktan sonra kendi soyad\u0131, usul\u00fcne uygun olarak a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 bir dava sonunda verilecek kararla de\u011fi\u015fmedik\u00e7e \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015femeyece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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11. Bozma sonras\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r 5. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin E.2012\/814 s\u0131ras\u0131na kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lan davan\u0131n yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 neticesinde, Mahkemenin 24\/9\/2012 tarihli ve E.2012\/814, K.2012\/359 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015f ve karar gerek\u00e7esi olarak Yarg\u0131tay bozma ilam\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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12. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131 temyiz edilmekle, Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesinin 17\/1\/2013 tarihli ve E.2012\/14097, K.2013\/412 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile onanm\u0131\u015f, karar d\u00fczeltme talebi ayn\u0131 Dairenin 8\/4\/2013 tarihli ve E.2013\/39345, K.2013\/5688 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile reddedilmi\u015f, ret karar\u0131 3\/5\/2013 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu vekiline tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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13. Ba\u015fvurucu 20\/5\/2013 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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B. \u0130lgili Hukuk<\/p>\n

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14. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cSoyad\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 321. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

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“\u00c7ocuk, ana ve baba evli ise ailenin; (…) soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, ana \u00f6nceki evlili\u011finden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ifte soyad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorsa \u00e7ocuk onun bekarl\u0131k soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201d<\/p>\n

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15. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cAd\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 27. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

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\u2018\u2018Ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, ancak hakl\u0131 sebeplere dayan\u0131larak hakimden istenebilir.<\/p>\n

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Ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi n\u00fcfus siciline kay\u0131t ve ilan olunur.<\/p>\n

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Ad de\u011fi\u015fmekle ki\u015fisel durum de\u011fi\u015fmez.<\/p>\n

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Ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden zarar g\u00f6ren kimse, bunu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 dava edebilir. \u201d<\/p>\n

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16. 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile iptal edilen 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

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\u201cEvlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi ad\u0131 al\u0131r. \u201d<\/p>\n

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IV. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n

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17. Mahkemenin 25\/6\/2015 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da, ba\u015fvurucunun 20\/5\/2013 tarihli ve 2013\/3434 numaral\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvurusu incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

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A. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131<\/p>\n

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18. Ba\u015fvurucu, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin kendisine verildi\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayeti kendisinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in resmi i\u015flemler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ocu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemleriyle kendisinin ilgilendi\u011fini ve soyadlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli n\u00fcfus aile kay\u0131t tablosu ve bo\u015fanma ilam\u0131 ibraz etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, benzer hususlar\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun ve kendisinin ma\u011fduriyetine neden oldu\u011funu, soyad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi talebiyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada; talepleri, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc iptal eden karar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bu hususun mahkeme kararlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131lanmayarak gerek\u00e7esiz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, verilen karar\u0131n e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ayr\u0131ca karar d\u00fczeltme talebinin reddi neticesinde aleyhine para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedildi\u011fini belirterek Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 36., 40. ve 153. maddelerinde tan\u0131mlanan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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B. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n

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19. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 36., 40. ve 153. maddelerinde tan\u0131mlanan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015f olmakla beraber, ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti gere\u011fi Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10., 20. ve 36. maddeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n

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a. Gerek\u00e7eli Karar Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali \u0130ddias\u0131<\/p>\n

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20. Ba\u015fvurucu, taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde talepleri, Anayasa Mahkemesinin verdi\u011fi iptal kararma dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bu hususun derece mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fini belirterek gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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21. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131na ve bu kapsamda sunulan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine atfen, ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sunulmayaca\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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22. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) metni ile Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) kararlar\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n somut g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri olan alt ilke ve haklar, esasen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde yer verilen adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n da unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r. Gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131 da adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n somut g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinden biri olup Anayasa Mahkemesi de Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi uyar\u0131nca inceleme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fc, S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 6. maddesi ve A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihad\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlamak suretiyle S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin lafzi i\u00e7eri\u011finde yer alan ve A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihad\u0131yla adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na dahil edilen gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131 gibi ilke ve haklara, Anayasan\u0131n 36. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yer vermektedir (G\u00fcher Ergun ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2012\/13, 2\/7\/2013, \u00a7 38). Ayr\u0131ca hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131laman\u0131n bir unsuru olan gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 141. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca mahkemelerin uymas\u0131 gereken bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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23. Mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7eli olmas\u0131, kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkili kullanabilmek ve mahkemelere g\u00fcveni sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, hem taraflar\u0131n hem kamunun menfaatini ilgilendirmekte olup karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olunmamas\u0131, kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat imkan\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015flevsiz hale getirecektir. Bu nedenle mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n yeteri kadar a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6sterilmesi zorunludur (Tahir G\u00f6katalay, B. No: 2013\/1780, 20\/3\/2013, \u00a7 67).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

24. Mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7eli olmas\u0131, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131ndan biri olmakla beraber bu hak, yarg\u0131lamada ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc iddia ve savunmaya ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yan\u0131t verilmesi gerekti\u011fi \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Bu nedenle, gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterme zorunlulu\u011funun kapsam\u0131 karar\u0131n niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bununla birlikte ba\u015fvurucunun, usul veya esasa dair ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k yan\u0131t verilmesi gereken iddialar\u0131n\u0131n cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hak ihlaline neden olacakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kanun yolu mahkemelerince verilen karar gerek\u00e7elerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olmamas\u0131 da bu hakk\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun yolu mahkemelerince verilen bu t\u00fcr kararlar\u0131n, ilk derece mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda yer verilen gerek\u00e7elerin kabul edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde yorumlanmas\u0131 uygun olup bu durumda, \u00fcst derece mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin benimsendi\u011fi kabul edilmelidir (Muhittin Kaya ve Muhittin Kaya \u0130n\u015faat Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2013\/1213, 4\/12\/2013, \u00a7 26).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

25. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan, velayeti kendisine verilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebiyle dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilk derece mahkemesinin 16\/4\/2012 tarihli karar gerek\u00e7esinde, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cevlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki ibarenin iptal edildi\u011fi ve iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, bu kapsamda annenin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinde hakl\u0131 neden bulundu\u011fu tespitlerine yer verildi\u011fi; temyiz edilen karar\u0131n, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 321. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011fru nesepli \u00e7ocu\u011fun baban\u0131n (ailenin) soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanma veya \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine velayetin annede olmas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131nda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olamayaca\u011f\u0131; baban\u0131n soyad\u0131 veya \u00e7ocuk re\u015fit olduktan sonra kendi soyad\u0131, usul\u00fcne uygun olarak a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 bir dava sonunda verilecek kararla de\u011fi\u015fmedik\u00e7e \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015femeyece\u011fi ifade edilerek bozuldu\u011fu, ilk derece mahkemesinin bozma sonras\u0131 karar gerek\u00e7esinde, Yarg\u0131tay bozma ilam\u0131 i\u015faret edilerek ba\u015fvurucunun talebinin reddedildi\u011fi, ilk derece mahkemesince olu\u015fturulan karar ve gerek\u00e7esi hukuka uygun bulunmak suretiyle kanun yolu mahkemelerinin denetiminden ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fti\u011fi, kanun yolu mercisince kararlarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eye yer verilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte bozma karar\u0131nda, i\u015faret edilen y\u00f6nde h\u00fck\u00fcm kuran ilk derece mahkemesi gerek\u00e7esinin benimsendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun, Anayasa\u2019mn 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

b. Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali \u0130ddias\u0131<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

26. Ba\u015fvurucu, karar d\u00fczeltme talebinin reddine dair Yarg\u0131tay ilam\u0131nda, aleyhine para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

27. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, s\u00f6z konusu iddia hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmede bulunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

28. Ba\u015fvuruya konu yarg\u0131lama faaliyetinde, ba\u015fvurucunun karar d\u00fczeltme talebinin reddedilmesi \u00fczerine 18\/6\/1927 tarihli ve 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 442. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 219,00 TL para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

29. Karar d\u00fczeltme para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesinin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar, Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok kez incelenmi\u015f ve iddiaya konu d\u00fczenlemenin, verilen yarg\u0131 hizmeti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bireylerin az da olsa bu hizmetin maliyetine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 temin ederek gereksiz yere karar d\u00fczeltme yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve sonucu itibar\u0131yla temelden yoksun ihtilaflar\u0131n ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 masraflar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131yla yarg\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcnden kurtar\u0131larak adaletin do\u011fru y\u00f6netimi ve yarg\u0131 hizmetinin daha iyi verilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, genel olarak adaletin uygun bir bi\u00e7imde yerine getirilmesi ile de t\u00fcm bireylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n temin edilmesi me\u015fru amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu tespitlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir (Tahir G\u00f6katalay, \u00a7\u00a7 36-44).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

30. Somut ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z konusu tespitlerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun karar d\u00fczeltme kanun yolu \u00f6ncesinde de hukuki korunma talebini ilk derece mahkemesi ve temyiz mercisi olmak \u00fczere iki dereceli bir yarg\u0131lama prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnde ileri s\u00fcrme imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndan karar d\u00fczeltme talebinin reddi neticesinde h\u00fckmedilen para cezas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir ekonomik y\u00fck te\u015fkil etti\u011fine dair bir kanaate ula\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle karar d\u00fczeltme ba\u015fvurusunun reddedilmesi \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine h\u00fckmedilen para cezas\u0131n\u0131n, mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n fiilen ve etkili bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemedi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmakla, ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik \u015fartlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

c. Aile Hayat\u0131na Sayg\u0131 Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlali \u0130ddias\u0131<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

31. Ba\u015fvurunun incelenmesi neticesinde, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

32. Ba\u015fvurucu, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda velayeti kendisine verilen \u00e7ocu\u011funun soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme talebiyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davan\u0131n reddedilmesi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

33. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, soyad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme talepleri ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun ve kad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihad\u0131na konu edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclen soyad\u0131n\u0131n; S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesinin koruma alan\u0131nda oldu\u011funun, Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan da benzer konular\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finin, A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan benzer ihlal iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemelerde S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesinin ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklayan 14. madde ile birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin evlenirken, evlilik s\u00fcresince ve evlili\u011fin sona ermesi halinde e\u015fit hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret edildi\u011finin, ayr\u0131ca Anayasa Mahkemesinin 8\/11\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda evlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk annesine tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi soyad\u0131n\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. ve 41. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bahisle iptal edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funun, yap\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirmede g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

34. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 148. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/11\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvurunun esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fi iddia edilen hakk\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu ek protokollerinin kapsam\u0131na girmesi gerekir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin ortak koruma alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bir hak ihlali iddias\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (Onurhan Solmaz, B. No: 2012\/1049, 26\/3\/2013, \u00a7 18).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

35. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00d6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 20. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cHerkes, \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na ve aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u00d6zel hayat\u0131n ve aile hayat\u0131n\u0131n gizlili\u011fine dokunulamaz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Milli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahlak\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 sebeplerinden biri veya birka\u00e7\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re verilmi\u015f hakim karar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a; yine bu sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca bulman hallerde de kanunla yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f merciin yaz\u0131l\u0131 emri bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a; kimsenin \u00fcst\u00fc, \u00f6zel ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 ve e\u015fyas\u0131 aranamaz ve bunlara el konulamaz. Yetkili merciin karar\u0131 yirmid\u00f6rt saat i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revli hakimin onay\u0131na sunulur. Hakim, karar\u0131n\u0131 el koymadan itibaren k\u0131rksekiz saat i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131klar; aksi halde, el koyma kendili\u011finden kalkar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Herkes, kendisiyle ilgili ki\u015fisel verilerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hak; ki\u015finin kendisiyle ilgili ki\u015fisel veriler hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilme, bu verilere eri\u015fme, bunlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesini veya silinmesini talep etme ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeyi de kapsar. Ki\u015fisel veriler, ancak kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hallerde veya ki\u015finin a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zas\u0131yla i\u015flenebilir. Ki\u015fisel verilerin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas ve usuller kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cAilenin korunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 41. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cAile, T\u00fcrk toplumunun temelidir ve e\u015fler aras\u0131nda e\u015fitli\u011fe dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Devlet, ailenin huzur ve refah\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle anan\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve aile planlamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretimi ile uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri al\u0131r, te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurar.<\/p>\n

Her \u00e7ocuk, korunma ve bak\u0131mdan yararlanma, y\u00fcksek yarar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ana ve babas\u0131yla ki\u015fisel ve do\u011frudan ili\u015fki kurma ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Devlet, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istismara ve \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 koruyucu tedbirleri al\u0131r. \u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

37. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin \u201c\u00d6zel ve aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 8. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201c(1) Herkes \u00f6zel ve aile hayat\u0131na, konutuna ve yaz\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(2) Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na bir kamu makam\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi, ancak m\u00fcdahalenin yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve demokratik bir toplumda ulusal g\u00fcvenlik, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u00fclkenin ekonomik refah\u0131, d\u00fczenin korunmas\u0131, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli bir tedbir olmas\u0131 durumunda s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

38. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda ba\u015fvurucu, velayeti kendisine tevdi edilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme talebinin reddedilmesi nedeniyle anayasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

39. Velayet, re\u015fit olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetimi konusunda anne ve babaya verilen hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fan bir m\u00fcessese olup bu ba\u011flamda \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m ve e\u011fitimi, kanuni temsili, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hukuki temel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kadar anne ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki hakimiyet hakk\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen velayet, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck hem de bir hak olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

40. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde isim hakk\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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41. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda herkesin, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmekte olup bu d\u00fczenlemede yer verilen \u201cmaddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131\u201d, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6zel ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman fiziksel ve zihinsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck hakk\u0131 ile bireyin kendisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ve kendisine ili\u015fkin kararlar alabilme hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Bireyin ya\u015fam\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen ve ki\u015fili\u011finin ayr\u0131lmaz bir unsuru haline gelen, birey olarak kimli\u011fin belirlenmesinde en \u00f6nemli unsurlardan biri ve vazge\u00e7ilmez, devredilmez, ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ki\u015filik hakk\u0131 olan soyad\u0131n\u0131n da ki\u015finin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Cinsiyet, do\u011fum kayd\u0131 gibi kimlik bilgileri ve aile ba\u011flar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler ile bunlarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve d\u00fczeltme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra isim hakk\u0131 da Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/34, K.2012\/48, K.T.30\/3\/2012; AYM, E.2009\/85, K.2011\/49, K.T.10\/3\/2011). Bununla birlikte somut ba\u015fvuruda oldu\u011fu gibi velayet hakk\u0131 tevdi edilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fvurucunun kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebi, velayet hakk\u0131 ve bu kapsamdaki yetkilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili olmakla, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir hukuki de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

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42. \u00c7e\u015fitli hukuk sistemlerinde koruma, bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetim hakk\u0131 veya benzer terimlerle ifade edilen velayet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131 belirleme hakk\u0131 da yer almakta olup s\u00f6z konusu hukuki de\u011fer, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ifas\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda aile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi noktas\u0131ndaki fonksiyonu nedeniyle aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence kapsam\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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43. Aile ya\u015fam\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 20. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madde gerek\u00e7esi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda resmi makamlar\u0131n \u00f6zel hayata ve aile hayat\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edememesi ile ki\u015finin ferdi ve aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kendi anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fczenleyip ya\u015fayabilmesi gere\u011fine i\u015faret edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olup s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenleme, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde korunan aile ya\u015fam\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasadaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 41. maddesinin, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi ilkesi gere\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle aile ya\u015fam\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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44. Aile ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki temel ili\u015fkiler kad\u0131n ve erkek ile ebeveyn ve \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerdir. Resmi evlilik birlikleri kural olarak aile hayat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmakta olup evlilik i\u00e7inde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar da kendili\u011finden evlilik ili\u015fkisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan itibaren \u00e7ocuk ve ebeveyn aras\u0131nda aile ya\u015fam\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen bir ba\u011f kuruldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir (Benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Gluhakovic\/H\u0131rvatistan, B. No: 21188\/09, 12\/4\/ 2011, \u00a7\u00a7 54 ve 60). Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda ba\u015fvurucunun \u00e7ocu\u011fu, evlilik i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f olup hukuken mevcut olan ailenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 sonucunda velayet hakk\u0131 kendisine verilmi\u015f edilmi\u015f olan ba\u015fvurucu ile \u00e7ocu\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6z konusu ili\u015fki, aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

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45. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un velayet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin 335. maddesinde, ergin olmayan \u00e7ocu\u011fun, ana ve babas\u0131n\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, yasal sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a velayetin ana ve babadan al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmek suretiyle evlilik ili\u015fkisi s\u00fcresince velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve bu kapsamdaki yetkilerin ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 336. maddesinde evlilik devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece ana ve baban\u0131n velayeti birlikte kullanaca\u011f\u0131, ortak hayata son verilmesi veya ayr\u0131l\u0131k halinde hakimin, velayeti e\u015flerden birine verebilece\u011fi, ana ve babadan birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde velayetin sa\u011f kalana, bo\u015fanmada ise \u00e7ocu\u011fun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarafa ait oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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46. Velayet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki yetkiler dahilinde olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususu ise evlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma ba\u011flam\u0131nda, 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile iptal edilen 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmde, evlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile \u00e7ocu\u011fun, babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi ad\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Esasen s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemenin 17\/2\/1926 tarihli ve 743 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nin 152. maddesinde yer alan, kocan\u0131n evlilik birli\u011finin reisi oldu\u011fu kabul\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenleme kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve e\u015flerin oturacaklar\u0131 konutu birlikte se\u00e7ecekleri, birli\u011fi beraberce y\u00f6netecekleri, e\u015flerden her birinin, ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince ailenin s\u00fcrekli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in evlilik birli\u011fini temsil edecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmek suretiyle e\u015flerin evlilik birli\u011finde e\u015fit hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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47. Velayet hakk\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamdaki yetkilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere cinsiyetler aras\u0131 e\u015fitlik ve cinsiyete dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili hususlar, insan haklar\u0131 ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 hukuk belgesinde de yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 4\/6\/2003 tarihinde onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Medeni ve Siyasal Haklar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 23. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131nda taraf devletlerin; e\u015flerin evlenirken, evlilik s\u00fcresince ve evlili\u011fin sona ermesinde e\u015fit hak ve sorumluluklara sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alacaklar\u0131, Kad\u0131nlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 16. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (g) bendinde ise yine taraf devletlerin, kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 evlilik ve aile ili\u015fkileri konusunda ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nlemleri alacaklar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fine dayan\u0131larak aile ad\u0131, meslek ve i\u015f se\u00e7imi dahil her iki e\u015f i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli, e\u015fit ki\u015fisel haklar sa\u011flayacaklar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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48. \u0130\u00e7 hukuk ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131nda yer verilen s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemeler paralelinde, 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un evlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile \u00e7ocu\u011fun, babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi ad\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile iptal edilmi\u015f ve iptal karar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esinde, kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin evlilik s\u00fcresince ve evlili\u011fin sona ermesinde e\u015fit hak ve sorumluluklara sahip olmalar\u0131 gere\u011fine yer veren uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine de at\u0131f yap\u0131lmak suretiyle ve e\u015flerin, evlili\u011fin devam\u0131 boyunca ve bo\u015fanmada sahip olduklar\u0131 hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 hukuksal konumda olduklar\u0131, erke\u011fe velayet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131nan \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131na tan\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131n, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan cinsiyete g\u00f6re ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmek suretiyle itiraz konusu kural\u0131n, Anayasa’n\u0131n 10. ve 41. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi nedeniyle iptaline karar verilmi\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu iptal karar\u0131 14\/2\/2012 tarihli ve 28204 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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49. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrk hukukunda ad ve soyad\u0131n\u0131n belirli nedenlere dayan\u0131larak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine imkan tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinde ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hususundaki taleplerin hakl\u0131 sebeplere dayan\u0131larak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011finin ve ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015filerin, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenme tarihlerinden itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015ftirme karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 dava edebileceklerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

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50. Somut ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun, velayeti kendisine tevdi edilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131sal karar\u0131n, ba\u015fvurucunun aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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51. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde, bu hakk\u0131n t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan birtak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine yer verilmi\u015f olmakla beraber, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olan haklar\u0131n dahi hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 bulunmakta, ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer maddelerinde yer alan kurallara dayan\u0131larak da bu haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir. Bu noktada Anayasan\u0131n 13. maddesinde yer alan g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri i\u015flevsel niteli\u011fi haizdir (Sevim Akat E\u015fki, B. No: 2013\/2187, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n

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52. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n “Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

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\u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve laik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. \u201d<\/p>\n

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53. Belirtilen Anayasa h\u00fckm\u00fc, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlama ve g\u00fcvence rejimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel \u00f6neme sahip olup Anayasa\u2019da yer alan b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yasa koyucu taraf\u0131ndan hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Anayasa kurallar\u0131n\u0131n bir arada ve hukukun genel kurallar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak uygulanmas\u0131 zorunlu oldu\u011fundan belirtilen d\u00fczenlemede yer alan ba\u015fta yasa ile s\u0131n\u0131rlama kayd\u0131 olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinin, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde yer verilen hakk\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde de g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (Sevim Akat E\u015fki, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

54. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yasayla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6ncelikle tespiti gereken husus, m\u00fcdahaleye yetki veren bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn yani m\u00fcdahalenin hukuki bir temelinin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (Sevim Akat E\u015fki, \u00a7 36).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

55. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin lafz\u0131 ve A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihad\u0131 uyar\u0131nca da S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 8. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015frulu\u011fu, \u00f6ncelikle s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin yasa uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olup m\u00fcdahalenin, yasal olma \u015fart\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti halinde S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 8, maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan di\u011fer g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri tetkik edilmeksizin m\u00fcdahalenin ilgili maddeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Bykov\/Rusya, B. No: 4378\/02, 10\/3\/2009, \u00a7 82).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

56. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin, yasal olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bununla birlikte, temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanunlar\u0131n \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. Yasall\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi de gerektirmekte olup bu noktada yasan\u0131n niteli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmakta, yasayla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda belirlilik ve eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ifade etmektedir. Temel haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda, ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemenin; i\u00e7erik, ama\u00e7 ve kapsam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli ve muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131layabilecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta olmas\u0131 zorunlu olup belirlilik unsurunu ta\u015f\u0131mayan bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, bireysel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n me\u015fru saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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57. \u00d6zellikle temel haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda hak s\u00fcjelerinin hukuksal durumlar\u0131n\u0131n takdirinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak belirsizlik, bu alanda getirilen g\u00fcvencelerin i\u015flevsiz hale gelmesine neden olabilecektir. Bu ba\u011flamda, hukuk devleti ilkesinin bir t\u00fcrevi veya alt ilkesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek olan belirlilik ilkesi hukuksal g\u00fcvenlikle de do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Zira ilgili kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin, hangi davran\u0131\u015f veya olgulara hangi hukuksal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda kamusal makamlar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir kesinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ortaya koymas\u0131 durumunda bireylerin, hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bu do\u011frultuda tanzim etmeleri olanakl\u0131 hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

58. Bununla birlikte, her ihtimale \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getiremeyecek olan yasal mevzuat\u0131n gereken koruma seviyesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, ilgili metnin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi alan ve i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle birlikte, muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve say\u0131s\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle kural\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k olmas\u0131 ya da belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde soyutluk i\u00e7ermesi ve bu nedenle hukuki yard\u0131m ile tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir hale gelmesi veya kullan\u0131lan kavramlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal de\u011ferlendirme sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na hukuken \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n sistematik yorumundan da destek al\u0131nmak suretiyle farkl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar atfedilebilecek olan haklar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, belirtilen alanlara ili\u015fkin kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerde aranacak belirlilik oran\u0131n\u0131 da farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilecektir. Bu ba\u011flamda ilgili kanuni d\u00fczenleme temel haklara ne oranda m\u00fcdahale ediyorsa s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemede aranacak belirlilik oran\u0131 da ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda y\u00fckselecektir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

59. Bu kapsamda hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe m\u00fcdahale eden kural, belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerdeki takdir alan\u0131n\u0131 elbette uygulay\u0131c\u0131ya sunabilir. Fakat bu takdir alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n da yeterli a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta belirlenmesi ve kural\u0131n asgari bir kesinlik i\u00e7ermesi gerekmektedir. Zira belirlilik \u015fart\u0131na riayet edilmemesi halinde yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisini kullanan organlar\u0131n, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anayasadan almayan bir yetkiyi kullanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, etkin bir temel hak korumas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahaleye temel alman yasan\u0131n lafz\u0131 ve yorumlanmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda asgari bir kesinli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

60. Yasa yapma tekni\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha somut kavram ve d\u00fczenlemelere yer verilmesinin olanakl\u0131 olmamas\u0131 durumunda, yarg\u0131lama ve hukuksal yorum y\u00f6ntemleriyle belirlenebilir kavramlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla birlikte s\u00f6z konusu hukuksal yorumun s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 da ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemenin lafz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda s\u00f6z konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131nda yeknesakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, belirsizli\u011fin bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

61. M\u00fcdahaleye temel al\u0131nan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn yorumlanmas\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revi olmamakla birlikte ba\u015fta yarg\u0131sal organlar olmak \u00fczere kamusal makamlar\u0131n, ilgili yasa h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131nda anayasaya uygun bir yorum tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimsemeleri gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revi, s\u00f6z konusu yorum ve uygulaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunlu\u011funun denetimi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

62. Somut ba\u015fvuruda, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan derece mahkemeleri nezdinde, 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilen h\u00fckm\u00fcne de dayan\u0131lmak suretiyle, \u00f6zellikle s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fma konusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

63. Ba\u015fvuru konusu olayda ba\u015fvurucunun, velayeti kendisine verilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebinin, ilk derece mahkemesinin 16\/4\/2012 tarihli karar\u0131 ile Anayasa Mahkemesinin 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cevlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma hallerinde \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131na tevdi edilmi\u015f olsa bile babas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r’\u2019’ \u015feklindeki ibarenin iptal edildi\u011fi ve iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle annenin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebinde hakl\u0131 neden bulundu\u011fu belirtilerek kabul edildi\u011fi, temyiz edilen karar\u0131n, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 321. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011fru nesepli \u00e7ocu\u011fun baban\u0131n (ailenin) soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanma veya \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fczerine velayetin annede olmas\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131nda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olamayaca\u011f\u0131, baban\u0131n soyad\u0131 veya \u00e7ocuk re\u015fit olduktan sonra kendi soyad\u0131, usul\u00fcne uygun olarak a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 bir dava sonunda verilecek kararla de\u011fi\u015fmedik\u00e7e \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015femeyece\u011fi ifade edilerek bozuldu\u011fu, bozma karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ilk derece mahkemesince, bozma kararma atfen davan\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi ve karar\u0131n derecattan ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

64. Bu kapsamda, s\u00f6z konusu ret karar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 321. maddesine i\u015faret edildi\u011fi ve s\u00f6z konusu Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u201c\u00c7ocuk, ana ve baba evli ise ailenin; (…) soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, ana \u00f6nceki evlili\u011finden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ifte soyad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorsa \u00e7ocuk onun bekarl\u0131k soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201d d\u00fczenlemesini i\u00e7erdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun veya \u00f6zel kanunlarda evlilik birli\u011finin sona ermesini m\u00fcteakip \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve d\u00fczenlenmesi hususunda \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemenin yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, evlili\u011fin feshi veya bo\u015fanma halinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir d\u00fczenleme ilk defa soyad\u0131 iktisab\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer almakla birlikte, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn Anayasa Mahkemesinin ilgili yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7ten \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 8\/12\/2011 tarihli ve E.2010\/119, K.2011\/165 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile iptal edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinde genel olarak, belirli ko\u015fullarla ad ve soyad\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hususunda talepte bulunma imkan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ad\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hususundaki taleplerin hakl\u0131 nedenlere dayan\u0131larak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011finin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

65. Bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 velayet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nan ebeveynler taraf\u0131ndan, somut ba\u015fvuruya benzer mahiyetteki taleplerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla yarg\u0131sal kararlara konu oldu\u011fu, s\u00f6z konusu ba\u015fvurularda genellikle m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik unsurunun tart\u0131\u015fma konusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 hukuksal yorumlar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu, bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6zellikle 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesi ve temel haklara ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden hareketle verilen ilk derece mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Hukuk Genel Kurulu kararlar\u0131na da konu edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (HGK, E.2013\/18-1755, K.2015\/1039, K.T.13\/3\/2015).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

66. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ilk derece mahkemesinin 16\/4\/2012 tarihli karar\u0131nda, velayet hakk\u0131 ve i\u00e7erdi\u011fi koruma ve g\u00f6zetim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve bu ba\u011flamdaki yetki ve sorumluluklar ile 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne istinaden, 2525 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan d\u00fczenlemenin iptal edilmek suretiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesine at\u0131fla ba\u015fvurucunun, \u00e7ocu\u011funun soyad\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyad\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebinde hakl\u0131 neden bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tespit de dikkate de\u011ferdir (bkz. \u00a7 9).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

67. Yukar\u0131da yer verilen tespitler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 velayeti anneye verilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenlemenin bulunmamas\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 yarg\u0131sal kararlar\u0131n verildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvuruya konu m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, ba\u015fvurucunun velayeti alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun soyad\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebinin reddedilmesi \u015feklindeki m\u00fcdahale ba\u011flam\u0131nda, belirlilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

68. M\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik unsurunu ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmakla, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine riayet edilip edilmedi\u011finin ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

69. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

70. Ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131larak ihlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere karar\u0131n ilgili mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015f olmakla (bkz. \u00a7 74), ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3.6216 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 50. Maddesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

71. Ba\u015fvurucu, ihlalin tespitiyle uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k hakk\u0131nda yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi zarar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 10.000,00 TL manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

72. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ihlal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderimine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

73. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u201cKararlar\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cTespit edilen ihlal bir mahkeme karar\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015fsa, ihlali ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yapmak \u00fczere dosya ilgili mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilir. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmayan hallerde ba\u015fvurucu lehine tazminata h\u00fckmedilebilir veya genel mahkemelerde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yolu g\u00f6sterilebilir. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc mahkeme, Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihlali ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse dosya \u00fczerinden karar verir. \u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

74. Mevcut ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015f olmakla, ihlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere karar\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r 5. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

75. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan manevi tazminat talebinde bulunulmu\u015f olmakla beraber, yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere dosyan\u0131n ilgili mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmesinin, ba\u015fvurucunun ihlal iddias\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterli bir tazmin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun manevi tazminat talebinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

76. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve dosyadaki belgeler uyar\u0131nca tespit edilen 198,35 TL har\u00e7 ve 1.500,00 TL vekalet \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 1.698,35 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A. Ba\u015fvurucunun,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. Gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 \u201d nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B. \u0130hlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere karar\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r 5. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C. Ba\u015fvurucunun manevi tazminata ili\u015fkin talebinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan 198,35 TL har\u00e7 ve 1.500,00 TL vekalet \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 1.698,35 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin BA\u015eVURUCUYA \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

E. \u00d6demenin, karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 halinde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal faiz uygulanmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

25\/6\/2015 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T.C. ANAYASA   2.B\u00f6l\u00fcm Esas:\u00a0 2013\/3434 Karar: 2015\/ Karar Tarihi: 25.06.2015   (A\u0130HS m. 6, 8, 14) (Medeni ve Siyasi Haklara \u0130li\u015fkin Milletleraras\u0131 Antla\u015fma m. 23) (Kad\u0131nlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesine Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 16) (2709 S. K. m. 10, 13, 17, 20, 36, 40, 41, 141, 148, 153) (2525 S. K. m. 4) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":152,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ictihatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nAnayasa Mahkemesi - Velayet - Soyad\u0131 - Avukat S\u00fcheyla \u015eahin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/suheylasahin.av.tr\/office-web\/2020\/05\/26\/244\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anayasa Mahkemesi - Velayet - Soyad\u0131 - Avukat S\u00fcheyla \u015eahin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T.C. 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